Lab report: Introduction to various types of hand-fitting tools (holding tools, marking and measuring tools, cutting tools, and finishing tools)
EXPERIMENT NAME: Introduction to various types of hand-fitting tools (holding tools, marking and measuring tools, cutting tools, and finishing tools)
Introduction: The technique of fitting parts together after fabrication or manufacturing the parts is called assembly work. to do so, it is necessary to some parts filling, threading, hammering or sawing jobs which are done on working bench or fitting table in workshop. A good workman always selects the proper tool for the job and must be skilled in the use of numerous hand tools. In addition, the machinist must also know the various types of tools available to do a particular job, how to select the best type and the size for a given job and how to care for and store tools when not in use. If we need to repair or replacement of a part of a machine, we can do it in workshop.
Objectives:
To purpose only quality tools.
To keep tools in safe condition.
To use the right tool for the right job.
To know about different types of hand tools used in manufacturing engineering.
To know their application and application process.
Holding Tools: Hand tools are very essential for day-to-day jobs. Hand tools are of different types and can be used for any kind of work. Some tools are versatile and some of them are specifically used for a specific job.
1. Bench vice
Purpose: Their sole purpose is to hold the object underneath, with grip and thereby work on the object. Simple examples of such works could be planning, drilling, cutting and sawing. These activities require a tight hold between the sawing/drilling/planning/cutting instrument and the object. Bench vices are used to provide this tight hold for such instruments.
Uses: There are lot’s of uses of bench vise. These are some uses of this tool.
Metal-working
Using a Saw
Working with a Drill
For Cutting an Electric Conduit
To remove a Bearing
Wood-working jobs
Figure: Bench Vise
2. V-block
Purpose: The main purpose of this V-block is to hold the Cylindrical objects in place for marking the centres for further lathe machining.
Uses:
Used to Hold the Cylindrical Objects in place for marking centerlines with the Surface gauge.
To Hold down the rectangular job piece at 45° angle to the vertical direction.
Used as supports while holding long Cylindrical bars parallelly (They can be two of them or multiple V-Blocks based on the length of the cylindrical object.)
Can also be used to check the roundness of the cylindrical objects.
Figure: V-Block
3. C-Clamp
Purpose: A C-clamp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal workpiece, and often used in, but are not limited to, carpentry and welding.
Uses:
1. Woodworking
2. Stage Lighting
Figure: C-Clamp
Marking and Measuring Tools: There are many type of marking and measuring tools. Some tools are given below:
1. Surface plate:
Purpose: A surface plate is a flat, level plane used as a reference to determine if other objects are precisely flat and level. Surface plates are usually used in the manufacturing industries, though there are meteorological and optical applications for the measurement of tools as well.
Uses:
To use as a measuring base.
Surface plates are widely used in where the inspection is carried out
To use as a datum surface for testing of flatness of surfaces.
Figure: Surface Plate
2. Punches
Center Punch: A center punch is used to mark the center of a point. It is usually used to mark the center of a hole when drilling holes. A drill has the tendency to “wander” if it does not start in a recess. A center punch forms a large enough dimple to “guide” the tip of the drill.
Uses:
Marking and starting a hole for drilling without the bit “walking” out of alignment
Letter stamp sets
Glass-breaking tools used in rescue work and a common tool for a car thief.
Impact tool for hardness testing
Pin presses for electronic assembly
In many applications, such as hardness testing, the mechanism does not have an adjustment for impulse strength, and may require periodic calibration checks.
Figure: Center Punch
Dot Punch: The dot punch is similar to a center punch. Both the center and dot punches are used in the same way. A ball pein hammer is used to tap the head of the punch and this delivers enough force to the point of the punch to put a small indentation into the surface of the material.
Uses:
Marking and starting a hole for drilling without the bit “walking” out of alignment
Letter stamp sets
Glass-breaking tools used in rescue work and a common tool for a car thief.
Pin presses for electronic assembly
To put a small indentation into the surface of the material.
Figure: Dot Punch
3. Calipers: A caliper is a device used to measure the dimensions of an object. A caliper must be properly applied against the part in order to take the desired measurement. For example, when measuring the thickness o f a plate a vernier caliper must be held at right angles to the piece. Some practice may be needed to measure round or irregular objects correctly.
Uses:
Education Purpose
Scientific research and lab
Machinery
Medical sector
Aerospace sector
Figure: Calipers
Cutting tools:
1. Hacksaw
Purpose: Hacksaws were originally and principally made for cutting metal, but can also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood.
Uses:
Cutting metals like rods, pipes, and bars into the desired length.
Suitable for cutting woods and plastics.
Ideal for cutting thin materials. The blade of the saw can be damaged while cutting thick materials.
Perfect for sawing and cutting.
Usually used by professionals such as electricians and plumbers for cutting conduits and pipes.
Hacksaws are suitable for industrial purposes as well as household works.
Figure: Hacksaw
2. Chisel
Purpose: A chisel is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge (such that wood chisels have lent part of their name to a particular grind) of blade on its end, for carving or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal by hand, struck with a mallet, or mechanical power.
Uses:
Woodworking sector
Metalworking sector
Figure: Chisel
3. Taps and top wrench
Taps wrench:
Purpose: A tap wrench is a hand tool used to turn taps or other small tools, such as hand reamers and screw extractors.
Uses: Taps are used for cutting or producing internal threads of either left or right hand kind in nuts or pre-drilled holes.
Figure: Taps and taps wrench
Top wrench:
Purpose: A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts or keep them from turning.
Uses:
Assemblies
Plumbing
Construction
Automotive sectors for maintenance
Repair
Figure: Top wrench
4. Bench Drill
Purpose: The bench drill is used for drilling holes through materials including a range of woods, plastics and metals. It is normally bolted to a bench so that it cannot be pushed over and that larger pieces of material can be drilled safely.
Uses: A bench drill is a tool that uses rotation or a chipping motion to make a hole. The bench drill is used for drilling holes through materials including a range of woods, plastics and metals. It is normally bolted to a bench so that it cannot be pushed over and that larger pieces of material can be drilled safely. The bench drill is a smaller version of the pillar drill. This type of machine drill is used for drilling light weight pieces of material.
Figure: Bench Drill
Finishing tools:
1. Reamer:
Purpose: A reamer, rotary cutting tool of cylindrical or conical shape used for enlarging and finishing to accurate dimensions holes that have been drilled, bored, or cored. A reamer cannot be used to originate a hole.
Uses:
A reamer is a type of rotary cutting tool mostly used in metalworking.
A reamer is a tool used for expanding or finishing pre-drilled holes, bored, or cored to give a good finish and an exact dimension.
The reamer is intended to be used in a drill press, turret lathe.
Reamer is also used in the screw-cutting machine.
Figure: Reamer
2. File:
Purpose: Files are cutting tools used to remove/smooth rough and sharp edges from cut metal. They are also used to file metal to shape or size. For each type of material there is an ideal tooth form that gives the most efficient cutting action.
Uses:
A file is used for giving final finishing touches to a job of metal or wood.
After chipping a job of metal generally becomes rough and a file is used to make it smooth.
In case of a machine, the part is larger in size than the required size, a file is used to make it suitable.
In addition, a file is used to where other cutting tools cannot be used.
Files are also used for sharpening the edge of some other cutting tools.
Figure: File
Miscellaneous tools:
1. Ballpeen Hammer:
Purpose: The ball-peen hammer has been structured just like the common household hammer but one of the two heads is ball-shaped while the other head resembles that of an ordinary hammerhead. the ball-peen hammer is useful for many tasks, such as striking punches and chisels.
Uses: The ball-peen hammer is useful for many tasks, like, striking punches and chisels (usually performed with the flat face of the hammer). The peening face is useful for rounding off edges of metal pins and fasteners, such as rivets. The ball face of the hammer can also be used to make gaskets for mating surfaces. A suitable gasket material is held over the surface where a corresponding gasket is desired, and the operator will lightly tap around the edges of the mating surface to perforate the gasket material.
Figure: Ball peen hammer
2. Cross Peen Hammer
Purpose: The cross peen hammer is an essential tool for forging. Most blacksmiths use this style of hammer for all projects. Most forging will be done using the flat face of the cross peen hammer. The perpendicular cross peen is used for drawing out and spreading material.
Uses: The cross peen hammer is an essential tool for forging. Most blacksmiths use this style of hammer for all projects. Most forging will be done using the flat face of the cross peen hammer. The cross peen is designed for hitting nails, pins and brads held between the thumb and finger, and can also be help while reshaping bent nails and hardware.
Figure: Cross peen hammer
3. Straight Peen Hammer
Purpose: This hammer is almost similar to cross pein hammer but its pan is in a straight line to the hammer handle.
Uses: A straight peen hammer can be used in metal work, stone work, blacksmithing or woodworking.
Figure: Straight peen hammer
Course: ME Workshop (1.2)
Credit To Mohammad Mithun (4th Batch)
Submitted by Mohammad Mithun
Comments
Post a Comment